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Voter ID laws in the United States
A voter ID law is a law that requires some form of identification in order to vote or receive a ballot for an election.
In the United States, voter ID laws are in place in thirty-three〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Voter Identification Requirements - Voter ID Laws )〕 states. At the federal level, the 2002 Help America Vote Act requires a voter ID for all new voters in federal elections who registered by mail and who did not provide a driver's license number or the last four digits of a Social Security number that was matched against government records.
==Push for photo ID requirements==
Twelve states now require voters to show some form of photo identification (see table below), with approximately thirteen other states pursuing similar legislation. Some of the states that were pursuing new photo identification requirements were legally bound to apply for Federal Preclearance prior to enacting any new election laws. Federal Preclearance stems from the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, in the 2013 case ''Shelby County v. Holder'', the United States Supreme Court struck down Section 4(b) of the Act, which contains the formula determining which states are required to seek preclearance, as unconstitutional based on current conditions, saying it was rational and needed at the time it was enacted but is no longer an accurate formula, based on the changing demographics of the country. In effect, federal preclearance is no longer a requirement until its formula can be deemed as constitutional, and states that had passed photo identification requirements but had not received federal preclearance were allowed to immediately take effect.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://trailblazersblog.dallasnews.com/2013/06/texas-voter-id-law-could-start-now-attorney-general-greg-abbott.html/ )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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